Basic Version Detailed Fact Sheet. Detailed fact sheets are intended for physicians and individuals with specific questions about sexually transmitted diseases. Detailed fact sheets include specific testing and treatment recommendations as well as citations so the reader can research the topic more in depth. A critical component of appropriate prenatal care is ensuring that pregnant patients are tested for STDs. Test your pregnant patients for STDs starting early in their pregnancy and repeat close to delivery, as needed. To ensure that the correct tests are being performed, we encourage you to have open, honest conversations with your pregnant patients and, when possible, their sex partners about symptoms they have experienced or are currently experiencing and any high-risk sexual behaviors in which they engage. NOTE: Pregnant women found to have chlamydial infection should have a test-of-cure three to four weeks after treatment and then be retested within three months. As a provider working with pregnant patients, it is important for you to know the ways in which each STD can impact a woman and her developing baby.
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The worrying thing is, even though we have never known more about how to prevent these infections, rates of infection remain very high worldwide. However, if left untreated there can be serious consequences including blindness and other neurologic manifestations, infertility, mother-to-child transmission or birth defects. Human papillomavirus HPV and hepatitis B virus can cause cancer but both of these viruses can be prevented through a vaccine. STIs are spread predominantly by sexual contact, including vaginal, anal and oral sex. Some STIs can also be spread through non-sexual means such as via blood or blood products. Many STIs—including chlamydia, gonorrhoea, primarily hepatitis B, HIV, and syphilis—can also be transmitted from mother to child during pregnancy and childbirth. If symptoms of the 4 curable infections do occur they may include vaginal discharge, urethral discharge in men, genital ulcers, painful urination, and abdominal pain. The only way to know if you have an STI is to be tested. Unfortunately, a majority of the global population does not have access to reliable diagnostic testing for STIs due to high costs and limited availability of laboratory or point of care test kits.
How do the female reproductive organs work?
Sexually transmitted infections STIs , also referred to as sexually transmitted diseases STDs , are infections that are commonly spread by sexual activity , especially vaginal intercourse , anal sex and oral sex. More than 30 different bacteria , viruses , and parasites can be transmitted through sexual activity. The most effective way of preventing STIs is by not having sex. In , about 1. Not all STIs are symptomatic , and symptoms may not appear immediately after infection. In some instances a disease can be carried with no symptoms, which leaves a greater risk of passing the disease on to others. Depending on the disease, some untreated STIs can lead to infertility , chronic pain or death. The presence of an STI in prepubescent children may indicate sexual abuse. A sexually transmitted infection present in a pregnant woman may be passed on to the infant before or after birth. Twenty-seven different viruses have been identified in semen.
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